The second case study is located in the Sierra de Ronda (Province of Malaga, Andalucía). In this mountain area environmental changes, are mainly related to climate change and land-use changes driven by the abandonment of lands and the shift from a subsistence system to a commercial monoculture of oak cork and chestnut. Such changes have been accompanied by socio-economic changes, e.g. outmigration of young people to the coast attracted by temporary jobs, in the sector of infrastructure and tourism, economic crisis. The final effect has been a progressive abandonment of the entire area, the farms, and specifically the agricultural activities and spaces, and a cultural change, e.g. dietary habits and consumption patterns, dependence on subsidies culture. Such changes have progressively changed the role of women and young people in these rural areas. Currently, the Asociación Montañas y Desarrollo and the Universidad Campesina Paulo Freire are reshuffling these rural areas, searching for new opportunities for jobs for women and young people and the revitalization of the local bio-cultural heritage.
